F1 Paper (2013)
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“F1: A Distributed SQL Database That Scales” (2013) — Shute et al.
Describes F1, a distributed SQL query engine built on top of Spanner that powers Google Ads. Demonstrates how to build a full-featured SQL layer with distributed transactions, secondary indexes, and change history on top of a globally distributed database. Key contribution: showing SQL can work at extreme scale.
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google-internal papers f1 #2013